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Someone changing their gender does not change their sex, the thing recorded on a birth certificate. Remember when the activists argued sex and gender were separate things? Seems we have looped back to them being one thing, but with neither tied to biology.
The issue is that listed sex on a birth certificate has actual effects that limit the options available to trans people. Like if you otherwise pass as your gender but say your passport lists your birth sex you are immediately recognizable as trans to immigrations officials in airports or border officials will treat your documents as suspicious which means chances are way better of you being detained, harassed and abused by security personnel.
If it's on a driver's licence then that immediately opens you up to bigoted behaviour by anyone you need to hand that document over to. Cops can decide that maybe they want to find something worth arresting you for since they already have you pulled over, that apartment you were applying for to rent? Well you're noticeably trans on your documentation so maybe they just put you to the bottom of the stack.
A lot of trans folk look at being able to pass as their window of hope to walk the world more safely. If you have a full on beard, deep voice, male sounding name but an F in the sex category on your passport travelling becomes an absolute misery.
And for that reason I think it's important to only list gender on passports and other identification. But your birth certificate has nothing to do with that.
Depends on the country how often those documents are actually used. In some places (like Canada or the UK for instance) your birth certificate needs to match those other documents or else you are SOL getting your passport and driver's license updated. Otherwise as a document it can also play a role in applying for government services or schooling in a lot of places which means you can get misgendered during times where you are already under duress or opens you up to being forcefully outed to post secondary administrators and teachers.
Medical records are usually better served with more accurate information because if you've transitioned your reactions to medication are more closely linked to your horomones meaning the dosages you receive by any trans health untrained doctor may be off and it is actually safer in most emergencies to have their first instinct be to treat someone as their listed gender and not their birth sex.
From a beaurcratic standpoint listing the sex of someone on their birth certificate isn't exactly useful past a point either. The main purpose of the things is to establish a time or location of the person's birth for determining nationality. That's why you can change your name regardless of what you were called at birth, so it remains a reflection of your current state... Also census data logs everything at your registration so later changes don't impact anything significant. The other reason birth certificates exist is for enthusiasts to track genealogy.
There isn't exactly a compelling reason to disallow people some autonomy over how they are recorded for posterity sake... aside from a lack of empathy.