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this post was submitted on 30 Mar 2024
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Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).
Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.
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The I/O size is a reason why it's better to use cp than dd to copy an ISO to a USB stick. cp automatically selects an I/O size which should yield good performance, while dd's default is extremely small and it's necessary to specify a sane value manually (e.g. bs=1M).
With "everything" being a file on Linux, dd isn't really special for simply cloning a disk. The habit of using dd is still quite strong for me.
For me, I only got to 5 Gbps or so on my NVMe using dd and fine tuning bs=. In second place there was steam with ~3 Gbps. The same thing with my 1 Gbps USB Stick. Even though the time I saved by more speed is more than made up by the time it took me to fine tune.
Sorry for the nitpick, but you probably mean GB/s (or GiB/s, but I won't go there). Gbps is gigabits per second, not gigabytes per second.
Since both are used in different contexts yet they differ by about a factor of 8, not confusing the two is useful.
I think it is gigabits per second, but to be clear: Whatever dd reports as speed after finishing (or with status=progress)
That's in bytes. A modern NVMe drive can do about 7 GB/s (more than 10 for PCIe 5.0 drives). Even SATA could handle 5 Gbit/s, though barely.
Yup, my PCIe NVMe should be readable at 8 GB/s and writeable at 7 GB/s afaik. I can't reach that speed tho, no matter which bs.