this post was submitted on 22 Oct 2023
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Lol, no mention of the fact that Ubuntu was already shipped on almost the entire Dell range, but only in China and developing world markets. This was because they had sold millions of laptops without OS in those markets, which immediately were flashed with pirated Windows, and Microsoft were pissed off. They pressured the Chinese govt to require computers must ship with an OS, so Cannonical/Ubuntu stepped in, did it for cheap (~$1/machine) and... they were still of course flashed with pirated windows immediately.
They didn't ship to the US or Europe etc., because in those markets Dell got more kickback-money than they spent, from Windows and the various crapware they shipped pre-installed. So shipping Ubuntu in the US actually cost Dell money.
What did they charge for?
Hardware enablement. A factory install where all the hardware worked, meanwhile all the fixes are upstreamed. So backported fixes to the current LTS.
I found this page on hardware enablement. My understanding is that new hardware isn't supported with old kernels, which older LTS releases are stuck with. So Ubuntu solves this problem by backporting newer drivers to the older kernel release.
That's quite an interesting way of making money. I guess if Dell wanted the newer drivers, they could just install a newer version of Ubuntu. But since they wanted more stability, they preferred that Canonical backport the fixes to an LTS release.
Most often it's a case of minor patches to the audio system, or recognizing a card reader (both of which are weirdly often unique per model, often even on sub-models), and these are patches that do make it into the older kernel. That process just takes time, and they want a usable image right away, so they get something specially patched that will shortly be replaced by a mainstream kernel update. For extreme cases there's dkms, where you can have a package that replaces a kernel module from source that is rebuilt on kernel upgrades.
Canonical used to manage PPAs and packages to handle this - keeping them updated and then eliminating them as the fixes appear upstream. The PPA packages also contain trivial things like tweaks to get the keyboard hotkeys to work right.
I know this lives on because I have a Thinkpad and the vanilla Ubuntu installer adds "sutton" packages to tweak its install, and sutton is the internal name for Lenovo enablement (although the package has nothing active in it, so presumably vanilla just works by now, which I'd hope, as it's a 3 year old machine).
I've never used Ubuntu much, but that was interesting to know! Thanks for sharing.