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Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).
Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.
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As I understand you take in some stream video akin to /dev/video0 and want to enlarge it so you can look at your monitor while playing? Whenever it is something with video ffmpeg can probably solve it. FFmpeg flags like -vf also work on the video player, ffplay.
https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Scaling
At the bottom they talk about choosing scaling algorithms, try some out to see what combination of quality and speed you get.
I believe you can change the scaling algorithm obs uses? Right click the source and go to "scale filter" is what Google is telling me, not at a computer right now. I think it defaults to bicubic which should be ok though? The switch does its own internal scaling a lot of the time and that can look pretty bad though, but unless you get into some serious shenanigans that's basically baked in.