this post was submitted on 17 Feb 2024
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Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).

Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.

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We often get the same question with

"I'm new, what distro do you recommend?"

and I think we should make a list/ discussion on what is our pick for each person, and just link that post for them to give them an easy recommendation.

So I made a quick flow chart (will get polished as soon as I get your input) with my personal recommendations. It is on the bottom of the text, so you see the rest of the text here too.

I will also explain each distro in a few, short sentences and in what aspects they do differ and what makes them great.


Here are my "controversial" things I want to discuss with you first, as I don't want to spread nonsense:

Nobara

I don't know if we should recommend it as a good gaming distro. In my opinion, it's a highly insecure and experimental distro, made by one individual. I mean, sure, it gives you a slightly better experience ootb compared to vanilla Fedora, but:

  • As said, it's made by one single guy. If he decides to quit this project, many many people will just stop getting updates.
  • There are many security-things, especially SELinux, disabled.
  • It's severely outdated. Some security fixes take months until they arrive on Nobara.
  • It contains too many tweaks, especially kernel modifications and performance enhancers. Therefore, it might be less reliable.

I think, Bazzite is the way superior choice. It follows the same concept, but implements it in way better fashion:

  • Just as up-to-date as the normal Fedora, due to automatic GitHub build actions.
  • No burden of maintenence, either on the user or the dev side.
  • Fully intact security measures.
  • And much more.

Immutable distros

I'm a huge fan of them and think, that they are a perfect option for newcomers. They can't brick them, they update themselfes in the background, they take a lot of complexity compared to a traditional system, and much more. Especially uBlue and VanillaOS are already set up for you and "just work".
If you want to know more about image-based distros, I made a post about them btw :)

VanillaOS

It's the perfect counterpart for Mint imo. It follows the same principle (reliable, sane, easy to use, very noob friendly, etc.), but in a different way of achiving that.

The main problems are:

  • The team behind it isn't huge or well established yet, except for the development of Bottles.
  • They want to do many things their own way (own package manager, etc.) instead of just using established stuff.
  • The current release (V2, Orchid) is still in beta atm.

I see a huge potential in that particular distro, but don't know if I should recommend it at this point right now.

ZorinOS

I think, for people who don't like change, it's great, but it can be very outdated. What's your opinion on that distro? It looks very modern on the surface and is very noob friendly, but under the hood, very very old.

Pop!_OS

Same with that. Currently, there's only the LTS available, since System76 is currently very busy with their new DE. I don't know if we should recommend it anymore.


I made the list of recommendations relatively small on purpose, as it can be a bit overwhelming for noobs when they get a million recommendations with obscure distros.
Do you think that there are any distros missing or a bad recommendation?


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[–] delirious_owl@discuss.online 3 points 9 months ago

You're missing the whole security community. Kali, QubesOS, TAILS

[–] sibloure@beehaw.org 3 points 9 months ago (1 children)

Something I don't see mentioned often is what OS they are coming from. Linux mint is often recommend and assumes they are coming from Windows. MacOS users will probably feel more at home with a Gnome DE.

[–] Guenther_Amanita@feddit.de 2 points 9 months ago (2 children)

I think Mac users feel better with KDE. Gnome is too unique to compare it to either Windows or Mac.

If you move the dock to the top and add another dock on the bottom, you basically have the UI from MacOS.

You can replicate everything else with a few clicks too.

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[–] GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml 3 points 9 months ago* (last edited 9 months ago) (1 children)

I really like that you want to spend time and effort into exploring this problem formulation.

At first you need to formulate the problem and the current setting and goal.

  1. A user searches a distro and has a minimum requirement demand.
  2. What are the necessary tools a distro must have in order to fit the demand of the user?
  3. The goal is to find a distro that fits the demand, at least the minimum.
  • Does the user start with a computer or will he buy a new one?
  • what are all requirements?
  • which distro fits those requirements, which doesn't, and why? Is it a out of the box problem or is just a package missing?

it's very difficult

[–] GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml 3 points 9 months ago (1 children)

Imo, First requirement should be that it has to automatically boot, always. If a distro is not able to ensure this without major user input it's not a state of the art distro. Any system has to boot always. You shall never be left with a broken system.

[–] GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml 2 points 9 months ago

You have to provide info why the distro of choice is the best distro for said use case. Otherwise the reader will just pass if he doesn't like the distro. It has to be convincing

[–] Crack0n7uesday@lemmy.world 3 points 9 months ago

Do you hate yourself, if yes then Solaris is the OS you've been looking for.

[–] KISSmyOS@feddit.de 3 points 9 months ago (7 children)

I know people will disagree, but the correct answer to "I'm new, what distro would you recommend" is Mint. No list required.
It's a capable, easy to start with, general purpose distro that works like Debian, one of the Linux gold standards, under the hood.

It has its flaws, but it gives you a fully functional system with everything an average user can expect from Linux, by clicking "Next" a couple of times. And it's never really the wrong option no matter what you want in a desktop system, freeing newcomers from the overwhelming options that are out there.

So use Mint until you know which distro fits you better.

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[–] metawish@lemmy.ml 3 points 9 months ago

I use Zorin OS for my laptop that's gotta be at least 15+ years but still kicking it. Outlasted the newer laptop I bought that was only 5 years old.

As someone who is only mildly into tech, Zorin is certainly familiar and I would probably recommend it to people.

I downloaded Gallium OS for my mom on her Chromebook, that's perhaps another important consideration to make...what laptop someone has.

[–] d3Xt3r@lemmy.nz 3 points 9 months ago (1 children)

ZorinOS

I think, for people who don't like change, it's great, but it can be very outdated. What's your opinion on that distro? It looks very modern on the surface and is very noob friendly, but under the hood, very very old.

It's great for people who have simple requirements and older hardware. Basically for folks who just want to use a PC for basic computing tasks like Web browsing, emails, document editing, printing/scanning etc. The thing about Zorin is that it uses a traditional UI/UX which is easily to navigate for non-technical people, and it's stable enough that you almost never run into any issues (assuming you're sticking with standard distro packages and config).

My elderly parents have been using Zorin for several years now and they've never had a issue. The only time they called me was to help install their new printer last year (which was reasonably easy to install), and that was it.

So I'd recommend Zorin for anyone who has very basic computing needs, and they are not using a brand new/high-end PC.

[–] Guenther_Amanita@feddit.de 1 points 9 months ago

Alright, thanks!
I see it very similar. Zorin was my first distro too, and has been the best first Linux impression I could have got at that time.

It looks very modern, and I don't think the outdated packages from the LTS are a huge concern for most (not techy) people.

[–] Pantherina@feddit.de 2 points 9 months ago* (last edited 9 months ago)

Okay, nice so far

  • TuxedoOS has nvidia drivers
  • Budgie, XFCE, Mate, LxQt in the "old but traditional" desktops; all will switch to wayland and no longer really fit

I would also add the category

  • "I want a stable experience without many changes and accept old bugs that are not fixed for an eternity" (Debian stable, Almalinux, Rockylinux, Opensuse Leap, *Ubuntu LTS & derivatives)
  • "I want new updates with the latest and greatest but breakages" (Arch, Gentoo, Fedora rawhide, opensuse tumbleweed, Debian testing?)
  • "I want something in between" (Fedora, Opensuse slowroll, Ubuntu)
[–] spider@lemmy.nz 2 points 9 months ago

Do you think that there are any distros missing

Yes, my easy to setup and use Debian-based daily driver, Q4OS.

[–] kronarbob@lemmy.world 2 points 9 months ago

I would stick to basic recommendations and go from easiest to more and more advanced distribution, to avoid scaring beginners :

  • graphical installation + easy to setup (nvidia + codec )+stable : basically Ubuntu based distribution (but not Ubuntu, some snaps, i.e. steams, are more bugged than the flatpak and the .deb . I wouldn't recommand a distribution that force bugged app for beginners ) + others

  • graphical installation : user will have to install nvidia drivers, codec or other useful things manually. The distribution can have several update a week with more risk to break, but is still considered solid and has a preconfigured way to roll back (snapshot) or more lightweigth and stable depending of the choice : fedora, opensuse tumbleweed, Debian+ others...

  • do it yourself distributions : for advanced users or motivated people that want to learn it the hard way. Distributions are up to date and have either a risk to break or user has to manually configure about everything (or both ) : arch, void Linux, gentoo, ...

"Gaming" distributions could be placed between the 2 first categories as they are a kind of out of the box distribution but more up to date than the stable distributions.

Low ram/CPU consumption could be a side option at every step (easy, mid, hard)

I didn't tried immutable distributions in a while, so I don't know how to place them. My experience one year ago (kinoite, silver blue, blend os), was that it was more complicated than a regular distribution to do what I needed, but it was 1 year ago, so I wouldn't know where to place it.

I'm quite a beginner in Linux, I love to test distributions to see how far I can go without using the terminal, and without breaking the distribution. So my vision can be quite narrow comparing to more experienced users.

[–] gens@programming.dev 1 points 9 months ago

Kubuntu. Unless you come from osx(then gnome), or have a really old computer.

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