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Nowdays ftp-things are like ftp:// and normal websites use https://, is this a newer thing?
No — that prefix tells the OS which application to direct the address to.
The www., ftp., mail., etc. are on the server side, so the client gets directed to the correct computer owned by the domain owner.
To some degree, this quickly became irrelevant when virtual hosting became a thing; you could have something watching on the server side that would see an attempt to connect to port 80 or port 443, check the domain the client is looking for, and redirect them to the right internal or external IP address.
With the onset of CDNs, it became even less meaningful since load and availability balancers will now decide what computer will eventually receive the request.
All you really need is the URI (https://) and the port (:443) and everything else can be a black box.
Why don’t we see :80 and :443 on URLs anymore? Because a web browser, when it handles the URI request, auto-maps to the default ports for that URI unless it is explicitly told to use another.
As a result, you can enter example.com into a browser address bar, and you’ll automatically be taken to [https://guest@www.example.com/ :443/] but all you’ll see on the browser bar is example.com.
[edit] hah; even Lemmy is munging my URLs to remove the bits it deems unnecessary.
Use backticks to tell us exactly without Lemmy attempting to correct you or parse anything
becomes
https://www.example.com/Okay. ftp://, http://, https:// are associate with protocols that operate on a common port. You can execute “cat /etc/protocol” (on macOS or Linux terminal) and see each associate common port and their protocol name.
The protocol is associated with a port that is open on a host, which is associated with a process in the OS and that process listens and “talks” those ways when a host connects with a client, like a web browser.
Those are schemes and they are not new, there are many others as well. Some you may see in a browser are http, mailto, file. Others that you won't typically see in browsers include ldap(s), imap, jdbc, odbc, etc. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_URI_schemes
Newer, yes. Not very new.
The URL format of protocol://hostname.domain:port/path was defined in 1994. Prior to that you would use use an ftp client, usually on the command line like:
ftp hostname.domain