Home automation is the residential extension of building automation.
It is automation of the home, housework or household activity.
Home automation may include centralized control of lighting, HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning), appliances, security locks of gates and doors and other systems, to provide improved convenience, comfort, energy efficiency and security.
Warning: Working with electricity can result in injury, property damage, or even death if it is not done properly. Please keep this in mind while assisting others. If you are not sure about what you are doing, hire a licensed professional.
I was going to try to upgrade to a smart thermostat but the sites I saw online said thermostats always have an R or RC wire. This is a 1920 house with oil furnace (getting very expensive). The last time I tried to add a smart thermostat to a non-C wire unit at our old place I ended up having to give an HVAC company a whole paycheck.
The pictured thermostat clearly lacks an R(h)/RC. So, the answer to your question is; no, not all thermostats have R(h)/RC.
This blog post explains two wire thermostats pretty well.
As you will learn in the blog post, your current wiring cannot utilize a thermostat that requires the R/RC wires for power. The thermostat for your pictured application would need to be self(battery) powered.