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You're going to get a LOT of reductive and low effort answers from Lemmy radicals. But this is a super complex question, and there's not a 5-second ELI5 answer if you really want to understand.
Also, when the radicals scream at you, there's going to be a core of truth. They're going to yell about colonization and empires. That's a major factor, but not an exclusive one. However, for getting radical and rabidly furious its all they'll bother posting to you.
Things to investigate, because answering this for yourself in a meaningful way is going to take a while and require study. Here are some topics but NOT an exhaustive list:
Colonization
Resources (natural and otherwise)
Schooling, education, etc.
Stability, politically and otherwise (note this will have overlap with colonial and non-colonial powers destabilizing things intentionally for geopolitical gain)
Infrastructure (transportation, economic, water, medical, etc.)
Medicine as regionally practiced, traditional vs based on the the scientific method.
Geopolitics (isolationism, etc)
Geography (i.e. the US's greatest asset is its location, it neighbors no enemies and its main enemies are separated by an ocean. One of the key reasons the US focuses on the ability to project force)
Religion
Corruption (politically and non politically)
Crime and non-military/nation based violence (also could get grouped under personal safety and security)
And again, honestly, a lot of these topics will overlap, but that's what I mean by there isn't a quick, easy answer.
And the reductive stupid answer is just yelling colonialism.
There's a reason people get PhDs in this subject. It's not a quick, easy question.
Actually, you're just reducing complex issue of exercising power over other countries to "colonialism" than trying to criticize people correctly recognizing this issue as "radicals". Most of what you listed can be directly linked to western countries destabilizing other regions by military or covert actions, installing puppet governments, using their influence to steal resources and keeping other economies in check so that they don't develop into competitors. No one thinks that it's all because some country was a colony 200 years ago. Western influence never really ended in most of those countries and that's what is keeping them down.
Most of those reasons, that are very real, are explicitly derived of colonialism.
For instance:
All this, of course, is supported by years of colonial teachings after which the people in the "developing" countries despise themselves and look up to the powerful countries as inherently superior, even morally.
Not just the US. Cambridge Analytica is trying to manipulate our politics through scummy means such as misinformation campaigns. And our country is being fucked by the effects of Climate Change while western countries are celebrating because "it's more sunny and warm now! :D", and "finally more viable real estate!"
Colonialism has done really bad things in the African and Middle Eastern continent. When they withdrew they irresponsibly drew the borders and now civil wars happen all the fucking time
You wrote all that, and didn’t mention the main reason, which is debt
I'm not convinced, considering the US and many other countries with high standard of living are also leading the world in external debt (both total and per capita).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_external_debt
Maybe you mean debt to GDP+wealth ratio? Or more specifically, bad credit with international banks.
I'm not an economist though, so I'd be curious to hear if there is more explanation for why you consider debt to be "the main reason."
I am aware that some countries have been "screwed over" by large banks that had specific detrimental stipulations for debt forgiveness though. For example, look at the Latin American Debt Crisis.
https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/latin-american-debt-crisis