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IMHO with docker and containerization in general you are trading drive space for consistency and relative simplicity.
a hypothetical:
You set up your mumble server and it requires the leftpad 3.7 package to run. you install it and everything is fine.
Now you install your ftp server but it needs leftpad 5.5. what do you do? hope the function that mumble uses in 3.7 still exists in 5.5? run each app in its own venv?
Docker and containerization resolve this by running each app in its own mini virtual machine. A container running mumble and leftpad 3.7 can coexist on host that also has a container running a ftp server with leftpad 5.5.
Here is a good video on what hole docker and containerization looks to fill
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nm1tfmZDqo8
Docker containers aren't running in a virtual machine. They're running what amounts to a fancy chroot jail... It's just an isolated environment that takes advantage of several kernel security features to make software running inside the environment think everything is normal despite being locked down.
This is a very important distinction because it means that docker containers are very light weight compared to a VM. They use but a fraction of the resources a VM would and can be brought up and down in milliseconds since there's no hardware to emulate.
~~To put it in simpler terms, I'd say that containers virtualise only the operating system rather than the whole underlying machine.~~
I guess not then.
It virtualises only parts of operating system (namely processes and network namespaces with ability to passthru devices and mount points). It is still using host kernel, for example.
I wouldn't say that namespaces are virtualization either. Container don't virtualize anything, namespaces are all inherited from the root namespaces and therefore completely visible from the host (with the right privileges). It's just a completely different technology.
The word you’re all looking for is sandboxing. That’s what containers are - sandboxes. And while they a different approach to VMs they do rely on some similar principals.
I never said that it is a virtualization. Yet for easy understanding I named created namespaces "virtualized". Here I mean "virtualized" = "isolated". Systemd able to do that with every process btw.
Also, some "smart individuals" called comtainerization as type 3 hypervisors, that makes me laugh so hard :)