Technology

The short answer is: Apple collects much of the same data as any other modern tech composite, but their "walled garden" strategy means that for the most part only THEY have access to that info.

It's technically lower risk since fewer parties have access to the data, but philosophically just about equally as bad because they aren't doing this out of any real love for privacy (despite what their marketing department might claim)

For true privacy you'll want something like GrapheneOS on a Pixel, with no Google apps or anything. Some other ROM with no gApps as a second choice.

Other than that, Apple SEEMS to be mildly better. I'll give you an example: Apple pulls encryption feature from UK over government spying demands

While it's a bad thing that they pull the encryption feature, it's a good sign - they either aren't willing or able to add a backdoor for the UK security services. Then there was this case. If the article is to be believed, they started working on security as of iOS 8 so they could no longer comply with government requests. Today we're on iOS 18.

Apple claims their advertising ID is anonymized so third party apps don't know who you are. That said, they still have the advertising ID service so Apple themselves do know a whoooooole lot about you - but this is the same with Google.

Then regarding photo scanning - Apple received a LOT of backlash for their proposed photo scanning feature. But it was going to be only on-device scans on photos that were going to be uploaded to iCloud (so disabling iCloud would disable it too) and it was only going to report you if you had a LOT of child pornography on your phone - otherwise it was, supposedly, going to do absolutely nothing about the photos. It wasn't even supposed to be a categorization model, just a "Does this match known CSAM?" filter. Google and Microsoft had already implemented something similar, except they didn't scan your shit on-device.

At the end of the day, Apple might be a bit more private, but it's a wash. It's not transparent and neither is Google. I like using their devices. Sometimes I miss the freedom of custom ROMs, but my damn banking apps stopped working on Lineage and I couldn't be arsed to start using the banks' mobile websites again like I'd done in the past. So I moved to iOS, as Oneplus had completely botched their Android experience in the meantime while I'd been using Lineage so I was kinda pissed at what I had considered one of the last remaining decent Android manufacturers (Sonys are overpriced and I will never own a Samsung, I hate them, I didn't like my Huawei or Xiaomi much either).

So if you want to run custom ROMs, get a Pixel or something. If not, Apple is as good a choice as Android. A couple of years ago it was the better choice even, as you'd get longer software support, but now the others have started catching up due to all the consumer outrage.