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Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).
Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.
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Are any of these an SSD? Because you will definitely feel it if you move your home from an SSH to an HDD. Especially browsers and such, things will start up much more slowly.
I'd recommend keeping home on an SSD and optionally moving all the folders to an HDD if you wish, but at least keep dotfiles on an SSD if you have one.
There's a lot of options for shuffling things around on Linux with symlinks and bind mounts.
With linux you don't have drives, at least not in a sense that you'd have in Windows with C:, D:...
You absolutely can have /dev/sda as your operating system drive, /dev/sdb1 mounted on /home/nomad/Documents, /dev/sdc1 mounted on /home/nomad/Videos and so on. Or use whatever names you wish. I had this kind of setup for years before changing the whole hardware with drives big enough to hold all the data (and a NAS, but that's another topic).
Another option is to use LVM which allows you to manage available storage space more flexible, but that will mix your data across multiple drives even if they have separate volumes (roughly equivalent to traditional partitions).
And no matter which option you choose remember to have backups (and test that they work) since all the hardware will eventually fail.
You can absolutely mount those drives at the correct path, make sure your user has the correct permitions. Add them to fstab so they are mounted at boot. Done.