Docker

Sure. Check this one https://www.pgadmin.org/docs/pgadmin4/latest/container_deployment.html

Why do you want to use a web sql interface? Imo even the fancy proprietary offerings of companies like snowflake and databricks aren’t that great.

Better to use a regular database query tool like dbeaver https://dbeaver.io or datagrip https://www.jetbrains.com/datagrip/

But you can run PostgreSQL in docker https://hub.docker.com/_/postgres/. Looks like there’s a web ui tool also but never used it https://postgresqlstudio.org

Adminer was my choice in some old projects, haven't touched much new web dev in past few years.

I use Adminer and PGWeb interchangeably

I think dbgate supports running in a container

I can't attest to any of these but there are a few tools on this list that look to fit your request.

https://github.com/awesome-selfhosted/awesome-selfhosted#database-management