That's a crazy issue to have discovered. Maybe you could try a different reverse proxy like nginx to narrow down potential causes for the issue
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Yeah this smells like a bug in Caddy or something. I agree to try nginx or something else to see if it’s Caddy or if it’s something with the configuration of the host. The only thing I could think of is if caddy isn’t caching DNS responses and maybe is getting rate limited so it appears slower while it’s waiting on the DNS request but I am shooting in the dark as I haven’t spent much time with caddy.
I mentioned above- the subdomains were using HTTP/3, and the root entry does not. I don't know if it's something I have mis-configured or just HTTP/3 being new and maybe buggy. Either way, i disabled it globally and performance is the same.
is it possible the subdomain resolves to an ip your router can't see due to nat hairpinning?
I tried to dig into that but couldn't come up with a good test. But if NAT hairpinning wasn't working right, I'd be limited to my ISPs 50Mbit, right? I could get 200+ Mbit on wifi. I also tested this from work (50 Mbit sym fiber) and subdomains always were slower. I figured out today it's HTTP/3 causing my problems. I don't know if I care to troubleshoot anymore since it's working great with http 1 & 2.
Interesting stuff, perhaps report it to the Caddy devs, h3 isn't really "stable" afaik
https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/issues/4876
Looks like they already know, and upstream is working on it. I am curious why the sub domains get http/3 and the root domain does not.
wow, some of those comments mirror your situation exactly hah