Yep. Without JS, websites are just static pages (this was the norm in the web 1.0 era). An interesting project that runs with this idea is the Gemini protocol, which is basically an alternative text-based internet.
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yes, we did it for a long time
and many websites still do it toda
CSS can now do much of the things devs used to do with JS
you'll pry my PHP from my cold dead hands, though
If you're asking about a theoretical timeline without JavaScript: yes, of course. The modern internet is more than just web pages, and there are millions, if not billions, of internet-connected services and devices which never need to touch JavaScript to function. Even just referring to websites, you do not need JavaScript to render some text, create forms, or even create a navbar with fancy submenus and visual effects. JavaScript just makes it easier to do (at the cost of performance, usually). Similarly, JavaScript could be replaced by a more advanced form of WebAssembly that can manipulate the DOM.
If you're asking about whether you can browse websites on the internet today without JavaScript: yes, you can disable JavaScript on every major browser. Most websites should function, but some things won't work correctly. You'll run into issues if you use your browser for things like online banking, but if you just want to search for information, most websites will work.
If you're asking whether you can disable JavaScript in your browser: yes, of course.