Oh boy. I'm not 100% sure about Intel CPUs, but typically the sensors are inside of the metal casing with the silicon. You might've damaged the frame of the cooler so it's not making contact with the CPU and causing the CPU to spike in temp. I'd recommend reaching out to someone who has experience with building PCs and see if they can help you get the CPU cooler off properly, replace the thermal paste, and hopefully get it remounted properly.
Don't stress your CPU for now because it will cause long-term damage that could fry the CPU/mobo.