If you can boot windows, that means you can get past the bootloader, which means it's actually running linux before the screen goes black. with that in mind:
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do yoy have extra kernels you can boot into? I use Debian, and they automatically maintain a few boot options including an older kernel and a "rescue mode". But that might just be debian for all i know
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any change when you plug your monitor into your PC motherboard's graphics port instesd of the GPU?
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can you switch between TTYs once the os boots and the screen goes black?
Sometimes graphics issues like this just means the GPU isn't working, which 2 should diagnose. But given that it happened when you tried to switch DEs, my bet is on either the Display Manager or the window server (x or wayland) failing, which 3 should get you around, and then you can proceed to diagnose and unbork it from the terminal
"I am a new linux user. After 15 minutes of research on google, I found a few forum posts and some niche websites that said SystemD was bad, so I took it as gospel. Now my system doesn't work as simply as it did with installer defaults? How do I make everything Just Work™ after removing any OS components I don't understand the need for?"