Yeah this is why OpenVPN is better for roaming clients in most cases.
MangoPenguin
I don't use it on Android because I don't need sync, I need backups.
Photo backups are handled by Immich, and a general backup is done by the FolderSync app on a daily schedule over WebDAV to my server.
Proxmox is good as a host OS, you'll set up a VM for docker and run your stuff in that.
It has a built in backup system to image your VMs and Containers, you can combine it with Proxmox Backup Server either in a VM or on another system for incremental backups and deduplication.
As far as Nextcloud goes I'm not surprised you had issues, their setup is weird, non-standard and very unstable in my experience. I switched to Syncthing long ago and it's so much better.
Sometimes you need a VM. They're not overkill, just useful for different things.
Examples; Running Windows, Running OSX, Passing through hardware to use isolated from the host (PCIe devices, USB, etc), Linux guests where you need a full kernel and permissions (for example to run Docker without issues caused by being nested inside a container).
VMs don't really have much more overhead than a container in most use cases too. For example a VM with debian installed uses about 30MB of RAM.
Maybe Intel AMT running? I'm not sure it can be disabled though.
It's just WIN + Spacebar, or click the keyboard layout icon in the taskbar.
Yes, don't want my domain to be removed/suspended.
The info is hidden from the public since every registrar should include domain privacy for free.
Can also use something like Njalla where they register and hold the domain for you and give you access to it.
Any GPS mapping app should have the option to show it, or use an app like GPS Status.
Is your GPS altitude correct?
I've never been able to get this one to work, it will say it can't detect speech even though I can hear it being played.
Many people use laptops and use other wifi networks or tether to their phone, both can expose you because of unknown firewall states or IPv6 being used.
Tailscale in my experience does not run as kernel mode wireguard so performance is not great, but maybe that's changed.
Not sure about Netbird, but the Android app reviews are poor and it does not sound reliable.