akacastor

When making PCBs with the toner transfer method, I've used photo paper intended for inkjet printers and printed (mirrored) on it with a laser printer. Then iron the paper (printed side down) onto the PCB. Some pressure is needed but not TOO much or fine traces will squish together. Soak the board with paper stuck to it in water and then the paper can be peeled off, leaving the toner transferred to the copper. Bits of stuck paper can be removed with gentle rubbing in the water with fingers or a soft toothbrush.

If the toner did not transfer well, it can easily be removed by cleaning with acetone, then repeat until successful. Key to getting a good toner transfer is to completely clean the copper first. I scrub with a scotchbrite pad and then clean with acetone and a paper towel, until completely clean and then don't touch the copper with your fingers (greasy greasy fingerprints). Any oils or dirt will make the toner not stick. Some paper is easier to remove from the copper after ironing on - there was a specific Staples SKU (inkjet photo paper in a red box) that I remember being particularly good. I believe the inkjet paper allowed the toner to transfer and release more cleanly, with less pressure and heat required. I also found I got a nice result using the same toner transfer method onto a block of wood (purely aesthetic, not part of a circuit haha).

Some people would use laminator machines to "iron" the toner onto the copper board - I have never tried it that way, but I guess if you get the pressure and heat dialed in it could be pretty consistent. I've had good success using an iron by hand, after a few tries to find good temperature and pressure to apply.

I've also milled PCBs, there are some benefits to milling, like you can drill holes at the same time. I think 2 sided PCBs are easier to mill than to etch. The limitation of milled (and etched at home) PCBs that I find most annoying is the lack of through-plated holes. This means you have to solder in wires, and solder to both sides of the board, for every via - it really adds some design limits and assembly time. Solder mask is another (optional) step, most people I know who make their own PCBs don't bother to use solder mask but it is available as UV-curable liquid.

Ordering PCBs is incredibly inexpensive these days. Oshpark is in the USA and a great place to get PCBs. There are places in China you can order from online like PCBway, I just priced out 5 PCBs of 100mm x 100mm, 2 layers, green solder mask, $5 + $20 shipping to Canada, delivery within a week.

Checking at a local hackerspace/makerspace is a great idea too, often there's people around who are making their own PCBs (or at least have in the past).

I've both etched (using the laser printer toner transfer method) and milled PCBs for through hole and surface mount parts, it was no problem etching a board for a TQFP 100 pin part (0.5mm pin spacing). I didn't push it further than that.

Adding solder mask is an optional step. If you use an etch resist like toner or dry film, you have a functional PCB even without solder mask. The solder mask is the unnecessary step that can be skipped.

Using solder mask as an etch resist, you would have to scrape away the remaining mask in areas where you want exposed pads - you would either need another mask for this, or to manually scrape each pad, adding an unnecessary step.

Some 'getting started' suggestions:

Telnet BBS Guide has over a thousand BBSes listed, most are accessible by telnet. Syncterm is a great terminal program for BBS use, with Linux/Mac/Windows versions available. Other telnet clients can be used, but many BBSes use ANSI and CP437 and not UTF8. (other BBSes use other standards like ATASCII or PETSCII, Syncterm supports many of these.)

There are a bunch of interesting BBSes, one I'd recommend is 20 For Beers, connect to it at 20forbeers.com:1337. Plenty of great ANSI art and active message areas and a huge file collection too. I also recommend checking out the fsxNet message areas, they are shared across many BBSes and have an active community.

This is so cool to see posted here! I'm the guy that broke my usual don't-post-on-reddit rule to share a keygen for Buccaneer. It really is a fun game, too, even if it can be a bit brutal (this is the third day in a row my ship got sunk!).

There continues to be a thriving community of BBS users and sysops, there is a mix of new software and mods along with the old (there are CBBS systems operating - that is the original BBS software created in the late 1970s!). The fsxNet echomail network is great, linking a lot of active BBSes together and with good conversation and lots of help for retro-tech issues and projects.

If you're interested in playing Buccaneer online, The Fool's Quarter BBS has the game online. Another interesting BBS to check out is 20 For Beers reachable via telnet at 20forbeers.com:1337.

Thank you for this learning experience, before now I was not aware of weather. Continue your valuable contributions.

Nobody dare making a comment on the internet without taking Winnipeg into account!!

Although to many of us who aren't engineers, some of the rules may not be obvious and it may look like an honest oversight - if you know any engineers, they have these rules absolutely drilled into them by the time they've earned a degree.

For someone with no engineering background to make a mistake like this is easy to explain. When someone with an engineering degree does it - they absolutely did know what they were doing is against professional regulations.

David Hilderman is a liar.

Sam Zeloof (http://sam.zeloof.xyz/) has been working in the area of DIY semiconductor fabrication, and has successfully fabricated working ICs (from 6 - 100 transistors). He's done an incredible job at reaching ~1970's technology levels in a home lab.

Another example of DIY fabrication: https://hackaday.com/2010/03/10/jeri-makes-integrated-circuits/ Jeri Ellsworth made her own silicon inverter.

These examples are still very small-scale compared to even simple microprocessors, etc - but it's fascinating to see this level of technology becoming more accessible.

Thanks for the critique! To be honest, most of the composition was based on luck for me - I saw the artwork on the concrete wall and its position on the beach is perfect - really the artist who painted the wall deserves the most credit. I did position the art to the left side (rule of thirds), I felt that showing a bit more space gave more "on the beach" feeling. I aligned the sand with the bottom third and then the concrete slab being proportioned equally was serendipity.

One of the photographers mentioned is Simon d'Entremont from Nova Scotia.

Simon d'Entremont has an excellent YouTube channel where he shares photography tips and techniques. As I've started learning about photography, Simon's videos are the resource I have gained most from. I can't recommend them enough to anyone learning or growing photography skills.