Using memory efficiently can give you a 10-100x win.
Yes, it can. But why is this exclusive to assembly? What are you planning to do with your memory use in assembly that is not achievable in C++ or other languages? Memory optimizations are largely about data structures and access patterns. This is available to you in C++.
Also, if you don't want 90% of the craziness of C++ then why not just code in C++ without 90% of the craziness? As far as I know what's what a lot of performance-critical projects do. They operate with a feature whitelist/blacklist. Don't tell me you have the discipline to work entirely in assembly and the knowledge to beat the compiler at the low level stuff that is not available to you in C++ but you can't manage avoiding the costly abstractions.
I think it speaks volumes how rarely you hear about programs being programmed in assembly. It's always this one game and never any meaningful way to prove that it would gain performance by not being written in C++ when using a modern compiler.
Can you be more specific? What are you running on the command line and what is the result? Normally, you would install Chrome via a package manager, and that package manager would be responsible for updating it.