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Governments Knew the Risks of Global Warming as They Chose Fossil-Fueled Growth in the 1950s and ’60s
(insideclimatenews.org)
Discussion of climate, how it is changing, activism around that, the politics, and the energy systems change we need in order to stabilize things.
As a starting point, the burning of fossil fuels, and to a lesser extent deforestation and release of methane are responsible for the warming in recent decades:

How much each change to the atmosphere has warmed the world:

Recommended actions to cut greenhouse gas emissions in the near future:

Anti-science, inactivism, and unsupported conspiracy theories are not ok here.
Of course they did. This is one of issues with our models of democracy, that may be quite difficult to solve.
Politicians and their parties have 4 or 5 years to introduce new and alter existing legislation, sign contracts with companies and agreements with other countries. If they don't do anything for 'now', and focus on the future - people won't vote for them anymore.
When one party promises improvements in 6 months, people will always choose it over a party that promises a stable and healthy environment in 50 years. Of course, the first one lies. But those lies work and get votes. So what do you do?