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Gallium is a metal, the other 2 are metalloids (have both metallic and non-metallic properties). Anyway, they are semiconductor materials or used to create semiconductors ("doping" materials which means to introduce impurities to a often crystal-structure to influence the conductive properties) and you need them for basically everything in modern electronics. Widely used compounds are gallium arsenide (GaAs is used in many displays, LEDs and other light emitting stuff), Indium antimonide (InSb is often used in infrared cameras or imaging components), germanium is often used in solar panels.
I think Russia also exports them (which is why China has its eyes on Siberia where most of the natural resource wells for those materials are), so a full ban from China is bad news.
Medieval perspective: we trap lightning in magic rocks and make it think for us.