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The quality was probably bad because you were routed through Plex Relay services which have a bandwidth limit. It is honestly quite a nice free service because it means it will work pretty much regardless how your network is setup but the quality will be bad. If you want to directly connect to your server you need a public IP so CGNAT won't do you might also have to open some ports.
Even though they're both on the same LAN? That sounds stupid, why would I need my videos to travel half across the globe to go from one room to the next?
No, that should work straight out of the box. Maybe you have some network configuration that stops that, like a firewall.
Nope, Jellyfin works directly same as always has
Weird. It has always worked perfectly fine for me. You must have something interesting going in in your setup.
You should not be using NAT to access your Plex externally, I will explain.
App.plex.tv and the apps use Plex services to generate a point to point connection from remote clients through your router to the server. This is important because you never need to expose a private IP to the Internet, and the authentication can be protected with something robust like a Google account which support 2FA and even phishing-resistant 2FA.
The combination of more advanced security and secure/convenient SSO authentication are one of the biggest benefits of Plex in my opinion.
If you enable the "remote access" in Plex you are essentially port forwarding you server to the internet using UPnP (by default. You can also port forward manually if you'd like).
It's indeed a point to point connection but a point to point connection the same way your connection to normal websites are point to point.
If you knew the public IP of anyone that's using Plex you can likely go to [IP]:[Random PORT] and access their server. You still need to login though.
Source: My own tests and https://support.plex.tv/articles/200931138-troubleshooting-remote-access/