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Iran’s internet blackout left people in the dark. How does a country shut down the internet?
(theconversation.com)
This is a most excellent place for technology news and articles.
Internet via sattelite is now a thing
indeed it is. it is not very relevant to our discussion though. it is not a "cell tower" and it needs rather expensive end user hardware. limit of proliferation of such hardware among population during some kind of government internet shutdown will be approaching to zero.
also, as any kind of radio communication, it can be locally jammed, which further reduces its usability in a crisis.