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I was thinking surely it doesn't just look at the extension and instead uses the mime type at the backend.. After looking for a minute (on mobile) I think thats what it does.
You read it right, BLOCKED_EXT is just an extension list and renaming walks straight past it. But that list was never the malware check, it only stops someone uploading payload.exe
Mime sniffing wouldn't have caught it either, since that value rides along in the request and a renamed upload just lies about it.
The actual defense is ClamAV, same file if you grep clamScan and CLAMAV_SCAN, and it reads what's inside the file instead of the name. I tried the calc.jpg trick for real, an EICAR test renamed to calc.jpg sent as image/jpeg, and the upload came back refused.
Clamav is woefully behind on definitions, just be aware of that.
you can install updated filters for it, though. Just check out fangfrisch.