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In any buffer C-z (control + Z) temporarily disables evil-mode in that buffer. C-z again brings it back.
For a more permanent solution: go to $DOOMDIR/init.el, find the line that says (evil +everywhere), comment it out (add a semicolon in front). Then doom sync
Emacs has a built in tutorials to help with basic movement/editing, and C-h k (that's control + H then K) tells you what any key does.
Well, I'm not very good with Doom, but as far as I know it's heavily focused on Evil-mode. So maybe you should try some different version? Maybe vanilla or Spacemacs (with normal keybindings, you can choose it at first start).
Why you want to use Emacs without Evil? Do you want to learn default keys? If that's the case, then use Vanilla or maybe prelude https://github.com/bbatsov/prelude
Just side note: I'm heavily use Emacs about 10 years and only since last year I started to learn some Emacs defaults keybindings, before that I used only evil-mode and was 100% happy. Emacs - it's all about customization, if you comfortable with evil keys, just use it.
Also, there is Meow https://github.com/meow-edit/meow it's some kind of evil, but with different keys inspired by Kakoune. It preserve most of Emacs keys, so it's much less intrusive. I move to Meow from Evil about month ago without any problem.
I used doom without evil a few years back and it was fine. I moved on to a custom config, but that wasn't so much because of dissatisfaction with doom as a desire to more fully understand what my config was doing.
Even if you don't intend to stick with doom it's worth checking out just to get an idea of what's possible and how it might be accomplished.
Thank you all for the answers.
I think I try to configure vanilla emacs...
Tooting my own horn here—you might like looking at my starter kit "Bedrock" which is a minimal set of defaults to make Emacs not look so dumpy. :) Take from it what you'd like.
After disabling evil, the emacs "leader" key is C-c instead of Space.
Write programs and curse a lot that you have to look up that key combo again. And again. It will sink in.