this post was submitted on 25 Nov 2023

67 points (93.5% liked)

Linux

55895 readers

1257 users here now

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).

Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.

Rules

Posts must be relevant to operating systems running the Linux kernel. GNU/Linux or otherwise.
No misinformation
No NSFW content
No hate speech, bigotry, etc

Related Communities

Community icon by Alpár-Etele Méder, licensed under CC BY 3.0

founded 6 years ago

MODERATORS

nooter692@lemmy.ml

AgreeableLandscape@lemmy.ml

MarcellusDrum@lemmy.ml

cypherpunks@lemmy.ml

cyclohexane@lemmy.ml

d3Xt3r@lemmy.nz

Preparing to move from Ubuntu to Fedora (lemm.ee)

submitted 2 years ago by pound_heap@lemm.ee to c/linux@lemmy.ml

32 comments fedilink hide all child comments

Hi! I'm seeking some advice and sanity check on hopping from Ubuntu to Fedora on my personal PC. I've been using Ubuntu LTS for almost two years now, switched from Windows and never looked back. But I cannot say I know Linux well. I use my PC for browsing, some gaming with Steam (I have AMD GPU), occasional video editing, tinkering with some self-hosted stuff that is on separate hardware.

I don't like the way Ubuntu is moving with snaps. And LTS version falls behind too much. So I decided to move to Fedora.

My plan is simple:

I will install Fedora on a fresh nvme drive. I want disk encryption, so I'm going to have LUKS over btrfs for /home, and the root will remain unencrypted.
I will copy all files from old /home to new /home, with the exception of dot-files.
I plan to make use of flatpaks, so I don't think configuration for my apps is easily transferable. I'll have to install and configure apps from scratch, unless I'll have to use an RPM package.

Does all of this make sense? Is there a way to simplify app re-configuration in my case?

And as I never used Fedora extensively (booting from live image doesn't count), are there any caveats I should be aware of?

all 33 comments

sorted by: hot top controversial new old

[–] _cnt0@sh.itjust.works 24 points 2 years ago (2 children)

Enable rpmfusion for media codecs and things like libdvdcss or unrestricted mesa drivers: https://rpmfusion.org/Configuration

https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/installing-plugins-for-playing-movies-and-music/

Fedora comes out of the box with a curated flatpak repo. You might want to replace that with flathub: https://flatpak.org/setup/Fedora

Imho, there's no reason not to enable disk encryption for root. Luks configuration during setup is very straightforward.

If you don't have nvidia graphics, enable uefi and secure boot (no legacy options). Fedora works well with it out of the box.

[–] Pantherina@feddit.de 3 points 2 years ago

This is essential. sudo dnf install libavcodec-freeworld may already be enough if you dont need ffmpeg for anything.

Or you use ublue, where rpmfusion and ffmpeg are preinstalled.

[–] pound_heap@lemm.ee 1 points 2 years ago (1 children)

Thanks! This is helpful

[–] _cnt0@sh.itjust.works 3 points 2 years ago

Two more things that came to mind. If you want to use another desktop environment than gnome (default), you should be aware of spins: https://fedoraproject.org/spins/

Spins work against the same repositories, they just come with other sets of packages preinstalled.

Also, you said you're using amd gpu. Fedora has the drivers for that out of the box. But due to fedora's strict FOSS policy, some hardware acceleration features are stripped out of the amd driver. I mentioned you can get the unstripped drivers from rpmfusion. That is detailed here: https://rpmfusion.org/Howto/Multimedia

The relevant bit being this:

sudo dnf swap mesa-va-drivers mesa-va-drivers-freeworld
sudo dnf swap mesa-vdpau-drivers mesa-vdpau-drivers-freeworld

Those packages work together with the drivers from the official repos. They can get out of sync. That never happened to me, yet. But if an update mentions some conflict with mesa-*, just don't do that update until that conflict disappears. If you ever run into the issue you can also undo the last update with the dnf history commands.

[–] ObsidianBreaks@lemmy.ml 11 points 2 years ago (1 children)

Plan sounds alright. A couple of notes.

Don't forget your passwords and bookmarks stored in browser when doing the copy over.
Personally, I'd use Full Disk Encryption (FDE) because it's a default option on the Fedora installer and is more secure, and well-tested, and easier to configure.
For your planned installables, I'd keep a list of apps you regularly install in a file somewhere (even better would be a script which installs them all) then when you distro-hop it's easier as you can just change your script for whatever package manager.
Some of your apps will store their configuration in your home directory in a dot file, you might be able to copy these over one-by-one for each app.
Have you decided on Fedora Workstation or Fedora Silverblue? Each have their merits and demerits, and its worth investigating.

[–] pound_heap@lemm.ee 1 points 2 years ago

Thanks!

Bookmarks and passwords are taken care of. And for the apps I'll try to get migrated to flatpaks as many as I can while still on original system.

I also see that full disk encryption is being recommended a lot, and I don't have any solid reasons to encrypt only /home.

I have not given much thought on Silverblue. Is it "flatpak-only"? If so I'll need to go through my apps to see if that could work. And my backup strategy will need to change - I use Duplicacy that is not available as a Flatpak

[–] brenno@lemmy.brennoflavio.com.br 10 points 2 years ago (1 children)

Why don't you install flatpak on Ubuntu, make the packaging migration before doing the OS migration so you can evaluate your workflow with the new packaging system? Afer you're used and confident with flatpak, backup and restore the flatpak folder into fedora and you transition should be smoother (don't need to worry with 2 stuff at the same time)

[–] pound_heap@lemm.ee 2 points 2 years ago

Yeah, looks like migration of flatpaks between OS is easy and makes sense a lot

[–] thayer@lemmy.ca 8 points 2 years ago* (last edited 2 years ago) (1 children)

Flatpak apps will use the same dotfiles as apps installed via traditional methods, however the storage location will likely be different. Most dotfiles will be contained within their respective flatpak app directory under ~/.var, so you can cherry pick which settings you want to bring over.

[–] pound_heap@lemm.ee 3 points 2 years ago

Oh, that's neat! Thanks!

[–] EponymousBosh@beehaw.org 7 points 2 years ago (2 children)

Honestly, if you like Ubuntu but dislike Snaps, Linux Mint might be a better choice than Fedora if you're not as comfortable with Linux. Mint is basically "Ubuntu without all Canonical's garbage."

[–] Interstellar_1@pawb.social 6 points 2 years ago

I used fedora before I was comfortable with Linux and I didn't have any problems with it.

[–] Pantherina@feddit.de 0 points 2 years ago (1 children)

Do not use Mint. Ubuntu uses GNOME which is modern and secure. Mint will need a year or so to get Wayland support, and it will always be behind on security updates. Just run unsnap, install the apps and Gnome tweaks you want I would say.

[–] pound_heap@lemm.ee 3 points 2 years ago

I really like GNOME. I know not enough about security of it compared to Cinnamon

[–] jman6495@lemmy.ml 6 points 2 years ago (1 children)

Yes, but if you intend to mainly use flatpak you might want to try fedora Silverblue

[–] possiblylinux127@lemmy.zip 3 points 2 years ago

I personally wouldn't recommend that. Its all personal option and there isn't one that's better in a general sense

[–] Pantherina@feddit.de 2 points 2 years ago

I want to write a script for this app config backup stuff once. Also working on Windows, but maan I have low motivation on that one haha.

You can use your configs, relevant for me are

firefox: ~/.mozilla/firefox can stay if you keep using Fedora Firefox
thunderbird ~/.thunderbird/ copied to ~/.var/app/org.mozilla.Thunderbird/.thunderbird
libreoffice from somewhere to the flatpak directory (useful if you have a custom dictionary, autocompletions or interface)
qgis, element

Many other apps use the same structure with a profile folder so easily transferrable.

In firefox and thunderbird you either delete the whole contents and replace everything, or you only paste the contents of your *-default-release folder in the new default release folder, after deleting its contents.

Flatpak apps need to be ran once, to create the ~/.var/app/ subfolder. After that you can close them and replace everything. If you delete that folder, or move it somewhere as a backup, the settings are reset to default. Pretty cool.

If you want to try the new image-based distro model, I can highly recommend ublue and their installer. It has all the codecs out of the box and also an nvidia version which will never break basically, if it should, you can roll back to your previous system that worked.

It is a very cool distro model, and ublue has loots of customizations. If you never tried KDE I recommend their kinoite-main (do not use any -nokmods, these images are outdated as they removed kmods from -main !)

[–] Shareni@programming.dev 1 points 2 years ago

Check out Nobara. I've recently moved to Fedora and it skips a lot of the early hassle.

[–] lemmyvore@feddit.nl -1 points 2 years ago* (last edited 2 years ago) (1 children)

You don't have to use an LTS version if you don't want to stick to it... Also Fedora is on a yearly upgrade cycle too, just so you know, it's not a rolling distro. You can actually upgrade sooner on Ubuntu because it's on a 6-month upgrade cycle.

[–] Audacity9961@feddit.ch 10 points 2 years ago* (last edited 2 years ago)

Fedora is on a six monthly cycle just like non-LTS Ubuntu; neither distro is on a yearly release cycle. The previous release is just supported for an extra six months, for one year of support per release for Fedora.

Fedora itself isn't rolling but the kernel and mesa packages do roll between releases, and it is more bleeding edge than Ubuntu generally.

[–] possiblylinux127@lemmy.zip -4 points 2 years ago

Not really. Dnf is slower and Fedora prompts to reboot to install updates.

There also is a slight different system setup with a different kernel and different automatic mounts. It won't make any difference unless you are tweaking your system at a fairly low level.

[+] danielfgom@lemmy.world -15 points 2 years ago (4 children)

Don't move to Fedora. They are Red Hat and recently shat all over Free Software principles and broke the GPL by making Red Hat Enterprise CLOSED SOURCE.

They are dead to the Linux and Free Software world. You'll be going from bad to worse.

I HIGHLY recommend Linux Mint Debian Edition 6. It's based directly on Debian (one of the oldest distros ever and the best), is Free Software loving and 100% Community. No Greedy Corp Inc in sight.

It runs the excellent Cinnamon desktop and the Mint team have set up all the apps etc perfectly. And because it's Debian it's super reliable and has massive amounts of apps etc .

[–] Interstellar_1@pawb.social 7 points 2 years ago* (last edited 2 years ago) (1 children)

They are _ sponsored_ by Red Hat. That isn't an equivalent to being Red Hat.

[–] danielfgom@lemmy.world -1 points 2 years ago (1 children)

Literally the majority of the developers working there are full time Red Hat employees. It's Red Hat disguised as community.

[–] carlwgeorge@lemmy.ml 2 points 2 years ago (1 children)

The last time the project leader measured it, only about 40% of Fedora contributors were known to be Red Hat employees. So while it's a big chunk, it's not a majority.

[–] danielfgom@lemmy.world 0 points 2 years ago

Ok, thanks, good to know. So perhaps for now we can give Fedora a free pass.

[–] LeFantome@programming.dev 6 points 2 years ago* (last edited 2 years ago) (1 children)

You better hope that Cinnamon migrates to Wayland before Red Hat stops supporting Xorg. Despite the deeply researched and evidence based opinion above, Red Hat is the the primary contributor to many of the technologies propping up Mint. Xorg is MIT licensed of course and Red Hat has no obligation to share their changes for Xorg with Mint but they do. Most of the original software Red Hat writes is released under the GPL and used by every other distro. The very first program that Debian runs when it boots was written and is maintained by Red Hat. Fedora was founded by Red Hat to explicitly be community based and they pay the salaries of many of the prominent contributors. Regardless of what you think of Red Hat’s behaviour, I am embarrassed for anybody that honestly believes Red Hat is closed source, even without the all caps.

[–] danielfgom@lemmy.world -2 points 2 years ago

Can you read? Have a read of what Richard Stallman says Free Software is:

“Free software” means software that respects users' freedom and community. Roughly, it means that the users have the freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software. Thus, “free software” is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand the concept, you should think of “free” as in “free speech,” not as in “free beer.” We sometimes call it “libre software,” borrowing the French or Spanish word for “free” as in freedom, to show we do not mean the software is gratis.

You may have paid money to get copies of a free program, or you may have obtained copies at no charge. But regardless of how you got your copies, you always have the freedom to copy and change the software, even to sell copies.

Read carefully. Several times if you don't get it at first. Then go cry in a corner for being a jackass

[–] folkrav@lemmy.ca 5 points 2 years ago* (last edited 2 years ago) (1 children)

It's basically the opposite. Fedora is the community based upstream, and some of it reaches RHEL, but Fedora isn't Red Hat.

What Red Hat did was limit who they distribute the source code to to paid customers, and add provisions to their TOS to give them the right to end their paid contract with you if you redistribute it. You aren't prevented from doing so, but choosing to do so prevents you from getting future versions, which you were only entitled to through said contract. They also still open-source to CentOS Stream, just upstream of RHEL.

Now, do I think it was a good move by RH, no. Was it legal, probably, yes, but IANAL, eventual courts will tell. Did it go against the "spirit" of the GPL, maybe, yes. But is RHEL closed-source? No, it's objectively not. Please, don't spread misinformation.

[–] danielfgom@lemmy.world -2 points 2 years ago

Misinformation my ass

Read. Then read again. Then read again until you get it.

From gnu.org "What is free software?"

“Free software” means software that respects users' freedom and community. Roughly, it means that the users have the freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software. Thus, “free software” is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand the concept, you should think of “free” as in “free speech,” not as in “free beer.” We sometimes call it “libre software,” borrowing the French or Spanish word for “free” as in freedom, to show we do not mean the software is gratis.

As you can see Free Software (and the GPL) says that the end user has the right to FREELY USE AND REDISTRIBUTE the software, AS IS.

In other words, I could get a copy of RHEL and without making a single change, could redistribute it or even sell it.

Yet Red Hat calls this "freeloading". Yet that is PRECISELY what Free Software is about!

Rocky Linux, Alma Linux etc were well within their rights to rebrand and redistribute RHEL bug for bug to others. Red Hat had no right to shut them out. Yes they could have made them a customer and charged them for it, but they didn't do that. And if I'm not mistaken they made the binaries available, not the source code. Meaning that Rocky and Alma would need to spend weeks compiling the code before they could even make it ready for distribution.

Now, someone could become a client of Red Hat, get the code and then host it on a server for anyone to download. But I have a feeling Red Hat would drop them as soon as they found out.

Basically RH now have a closed source mentality.

As for Fedora, stop being so naive. Were you born yesterday? I'm an IT Pro and I can tell your if my company set up a working group full of full time employees to work on a "community" distro which then gets directly absorbed into it company and used in our enterprise products, that working group is to all intents and purposes a part of my company since I'm freaking paying their salaries, and they are working on my freaking product!

[–] Pantherina@feddit.de 4 points 2 years ago (1 children)

Imagine working on big parts of the Linux desktop and projects just use your source code and build exact clones off your Distro, while all the developers you pay need the income to keep contributing to awesome modern software.

It is difficult but businesses are asked if Linux Desktop needs money, not hobby users.

[–] danielfgom@lemmy.world -1 points 2 years ago

They shouldn't have used Linux in that case because according to GNU, the FSF and Richard Stallman, if you use Free Software under the GPL you are agreeing to the following:

As you can see, they are required by the principles of free software to let others distribute it, when without changing a single line of code..... Don't go calling us freeloaders when were practicing Free Software principles.