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Technically it's not software, it's firmware, because it's a microcontroller that runs code directly.
To my point, you don't need all the fancy bullshit that's baked into the car, the actual control systems require very little compute power.
Firmware is just software. I've done this stuff, it's all just software.
When it comes to writing code, perhaps. But specifically, I disagree on principle. There's a big difference between Firmware embedded directly into ROM that requires nothing beyond the MCU to run, versus Software that requires both a host environment to compute it, host hardware to store and manipulate it, and IO peripherals to make it useful. Totally opposite ends of the OSI model.
All that comes down to abstraction. Lots of stuff has been implemented in bare metal without making the distinction. Every DOS program was almost entirely bare metal except for loading it into memory and some disk I/O.
Firmware is just a subtype of software.
ROM doesn't really exist anymore except on some legacy stuff. Certainly not on the ATmega series you were talking about. At most, these things have fuses that can be intentionally burned out after flashing so they can't be overwitten later.
Huh, That's weird, the last time I checked, the 328P had 1024b of EEPROM.