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"Hacked" does not mean "left the back door open so the computer could be stolen."
TBH, leaving it unlocked is a great way to hedge your bets if you're an NCDOT employee who wants to put N***** on a sign
It's just shorthand for "unauthorized access to a digital system". There could be no password at all and it would still count as "hacking". The difficulty of gaining access isn't really relevant, legally speaking.
I hope they at least had a unauthorized use warning aka Login Banner.
https://security.tennessee.edu/login-banners/
This need for a warning login banner is sometimes called a myth in INFO SEC. But if it is a myth it's a VERY old one.
1990 NIST - Defense Data Network Security Bulletin:
b. A court recently threw out a suit against a computer system intruder because the logon prompt was preceded with "Welcome to...".
https://ftp.st.ryukoku.ac.jp/pub/security/ciac/secdocs/ddn/ddn-9004.txt ftp://ciac.llnl.gov/pub/ciac/secdocs/ddn/ddn-9004.txt
Yeah and if I recall correctly the default password on these things is like 1234 and rarely changed. So unlocked with a stupid password isn't even close to hacked.
From a 2009 Jalopnik article:
You can also find the manuals for these electronic road signs easily online.
It's hacking in the same sense that stealing stuff from a house after the owner left the door unlocked is burglary, with that sense being the legal sense.
Well, now I just got to come up with something more creative than racial slurs.
Ascii art?
Most instances of hacking rely on social engineering because the human element is typically the weakest point of any system. Real life isn't a movie, hacking is a hell of a lot more mundane and the ways hackers achieve their goals are often as silly as this case where someone literally left a door open. So yes, this sign was "hacked." And yes, it was the result of a very stupid mistake on the part of an employee of the NCDOT. The term isn't dependent on the difficulty or complexity of the task. It just refers to finding a vulnerability and exploiting it.
No shit. Fucking Stuxnet was achieved by dropping a thumbdrive outside the building and letting a naive, curious iranian scientist plug it into their airlocked computer network.
Then it played looped video while it destroyed everything. Just like a shitty Mission Impossible movie. In real life. Dead serious.