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Holy shit. I mean, thank you so much for your service and your detailed response! This was the whole reason for my post: to learn what it's actually like.
Avoiding detection by sonar... Does that mean that the engines are actually off when "simply" idling when not during combat or relocating?
My takeaway is: it's a sprint of discomfort with the purpose of paying off college. /j I'm so gonna brag at work about knowing these details! /s
So my sub was a modern nuclear sub. It had both a reactor and a diesel engine. But modern diesels and even some older ones, they would get close to the surface to run their diesel (because you need oxygen for combustion) via a snorkel to charge batteries, then go back under.
A reactor is much quieter than a diesel. And batteries are quieter still. Water moving through pipes, anything with periodic motion, is going to have a frequency. And sound moves far more effectively under water. So generally yes, in operation, you aren't running equipment like the diesel engine. The goal is to be sneaky. Running a diesel is practically announcing to the whole ocean "here I am".